A Quantitative Study of Social Media Use among University Students in Sarawak, Malaysia
Keywords:
social media usage , university students , social networking sites , online activitiesAbstract
This study quantifies social media usage among university students in Sarawak, Malaysia by examining the extent of social media use, preferred social media platforms, primary motivations for use, and common online activities. A quantitative survey design was employed, and data were collected from 305 purposively sampled undergraduate students using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings revealed that 97% of the respondents were active social media users, indicating the widespread adoption of social media among university students. WhatsApp, Instagram, and YouTube emerged as the three most frequently used platforms. Entertainment was identified as the primary motivation for social media use (39%), followed by socialising (33%) and learning (20%). In terms of online activities, streaming content on YouTube and watching movies (41%), social networking (37%), and listening to music (29%) were the most common activities reported. These findings provide valuable insights into the digital engagement patterns of university students in Sarawak and offer practical implications for educators and higher education institutions seeking to promote more meaningful and productive use of social media for learning, communication, and student engagement.
References
Akobiarek, G. C., & Puyok, A. (2024). Patterns of social media choice and use and their impacts on online political participation in Sarawak. Malaysian Journal of Communication, 40(1), 1–20. Retrieved from UKM eJournal
Ali, A. (2020). Social media usage and its impact on university students’ academic performance. Education and Information Technologies, 25(5), 4477–4493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10172-0
Aminuddin Jafry, N. H., Abdul Rahim, A., Md Yusoff, Y., et al. (2023). Social media usage: The impact on Malaysian student life. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(12), 3341–3355. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v13-i12/20188
Asur, S., & Huberman, B. A. (2010). Predicting the future with social media. Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, 492–499.
Azfahanee Zakaria, A., Sarah Sabir Ahmad, S. S., Syed Mohammed Alhady, S. M. A., & Tanty Husin. (2024). Unravelling the impact of social media on interpersonal communication patterns among UiTM Kedah students. International Journal of Law, Government and Communication (IJLGC), 8(33). https://gaexcellence.com/ijlgc/article/view/2343/
Ball-Rokeach, S. J., & DeFleur, M. L. (1976). A dependency model of mass-media effects. Communication Research, 3(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365027600300101
Basri, F. N., Sabri, F., & Rahimi, M. K. A. (2023). Social media addiction and academic performance of university students. Ulum Islamiyyah Journal, 31(2), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/ulumislamiyyah.2023.31.2
Chicca, J., & Shellenbarger, T. (2018a). Connecting with Generation Z: Approaches in nursing education. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 13(3), 180–184. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.teln.2018.03.008.
Chin, J. (2024). Social media, politics and identity in Sabah and Sarawak. In J. Chin & P. P. Y. Leong (Eds.), Social Media and Political Communities in Malaysia (pp. 115–140). Singapore: ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute. Retrieved from ResearchGate PDF
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
Duffy Bayuong, P., Md Yunus, M., & Suliman, A. (2019). The use of social media (SM) among pupils in a rural primary school in Sarawak, Malaysia. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(5), 1272–1279. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.75166
Duffy Bayuong, P., Md Yunus, M., & Suliman, A. (2020). The use of social media among teachers and pupils in rural primary schools in Sarawak, Malaysia. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 7(3), 1146–1152. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200933
Dyson B, Vickers K, Turtle J, Cowan S, & Tassone A. (2015). Evaluating the use of Facebook to increase student engagement and understanding in lecture-based classes. High Education, 69(2), 303–313.
Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook “friends:” Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4), 1143–1168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x
Hashmeta. (2025, July 10). Social media landscape Malaysia: Key statistics & platforms. Retrieved from Hashmeta Blog
Hashmeta. (2025). Social media engagement trends in Southeast Asia. https://www.hashmeta.com
Ipsos. (2025, September). Malaysian Education Monitor 2025. Cited in New Straits Times and The Star
Ismail, H., Mamat, A., Ibrahim, H., Mokhtar, N. A., & Zailan, M. N. A. (2025). Social media use among secondary school students in Malaysia: Age and gender trends and multi-platform engagement. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 13(7), 152–168. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2025.137008
Jin, D., & Ibrahim, F. (2024). A literature review of the impact of social media on academic performance using Media Richness Theory. International Journal of Innovation and Research in Management, 12(2), 123–150. Retrieved from https://klust.edu.my/pdf/11-IJIRM%20Vol.12%20%282%29%20December%202024-123-150_Du%20Jin.pdf
Johari, S., Wan Noordin, W. N., & Tengku Mahamad, T. E. (2022). WhatsApp conversations and relationships: A focus on digital communication between parent-teacher engagement in a secondary school in Putrajaya. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 38(2), 280–296. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2022-3802-17
Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973). Uses and gratifications research. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(4), 509–523. https://doi.org/10.1086/268109
Lee, C. E., Chern, H. H., & Azmir, D. A. (2023). WhatsApp use in a higher education learning environment: Perspective of students of a Malaysian private university on academic performance and team effectiveness. Education Sciences, 13(3), 244. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13030244
Malay Mail. (2025, September 17). Fahmi launches ‘Safe Internet’ campaign to fight scams, cyberbullying and child exploitation. Retrieved from Malay Mail
Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission. (2017). Internet Users Survey 2017. MCMC official publication.
Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission. (2018). Internet Users Survey 2018. MCMC official publication.
Manning, J. (2014). Social media, definition, and classes of. In K. Harvey (Ed.), Encyclopedia of social media and politics (pp. 1158–1162). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452244723.n368
Marshall, A. L., M.D., & Wolanskyj-Spinner, A. (2020). COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities for educators and generation Z learners. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 95(6), 1135–1137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.04.015
Mat Isa, W. N. S. F., Mohd Rodzi, N. A., Libasin, Z., Idris, N. A., Mazeni, N. A., & Jaafar, R. (2022). The effectiveness of social media use among university students in Malaysia. SIGCS Conference Proceedings, Universiti Teknologi MARA.
Merdeka Center. (2024, September 6). Survey reveals Instagram as most popular platform among Malaysian youth. Malay Mail. https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2024/09/06/survey-reveals-instagram-as-most-popular-platform-among-malaysian-youth/149502
Menzies R, Petrie K, & Zarb M. (2017). A case study of Facebook use: outlining a multi-layer strategy for higher education. Education Information & Technology, 22(1), 39–53.
Munoz, C., & Towner, T. (2009). Opening Facebook: how to use Facebook in the college classroom. Society for information technology & teacher education international conference (pp. 2623–2627). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
Nordin, N. (2025). Understanding behavioral patterns of social media usage among Malaysian undergraduate students. Asia-Pacific Journal of Information Technology and Multimedia, 14(1), 107–118. https://doi.org/10.17576/apjitm-2025-1401-07
Ong, E. (2022, April 16). The influence of social media in our lives. The Borneo Post. Retrieved November 28, 2022, from https://www.theborneopost.com/2022/04/16/the-influence-of-social-media-in-our-lives/.
Paul, S. A. V. Sr., & Paul, S. A. V. Jr. (2024). The impact of social media on academic performance among college students. International Journal of Research and Advances in Humanities, 4(3). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381657736_The_Impact_of_Social_Media_on_Academic_Performance_Among_College_Students
Pew Research Center. (2021). Social media use in 2021. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/04/07/social-media-use-in-2021/
Pew Research Center. (2023, December 11). Teens, social media and technology 2023. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2023/12/11/teens-social-media-and-technology-2023
Roscoe, J. T. (1975). Fundamental research statistics for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Sahharon, H., Bolong, J., Omar, S. Z., Mohamed, S., & Nordin Selat, D. S. (2024). Managing anxiety and uncertainty through social networking sites: How effectively can youth communicate online? Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 39(?), — DOI: 10.17576/JKMJC-2024-4003-27
Samala, A. D., Rawas, S., Criollo-C, S., Fortuna, A., Feng, X., Prasetya, F., Özsavaş Uluçay, N., Jaya, P., & Hidayat, R. (2024). Social media in education: Trends, roles, challenges, and opportunities for digital-native generations. Asian Journal of University Education, 20(3), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v20i3.27869
Sarawak Multimedia Authority. (2024). SMA Annual Report 2022. Retrieved from SMA Reports
Sponder, M., & Khan, G. F. (2017). Digital analytics for marketing. Routledge.
Trifiro, B. (2019). The effects of social media on well-being: A literature review. Journal of Social Media in Society, 8(1), 12–34. https://thejsms.org/index.php/TSMRI/article/view/438
Twenge, J. M. (2016). iGen: Why today's super connected kids are growing up less rebellious, more tolerant, less happy- and completely unprepared for adulthood. Atria.
Wimmer, R. D., & Dominick, J. R. (1994). Mass media research: An introduction (5th ed.). Wadsworth Publishing.
Yap, C. S., Keling, W., & Abdullah, S. K. (2022). Use of social media for information seeking and sharing during floods in rural Sarawak. International Journal of Emergency Services. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijes-07-2020-0042
Yunus, M. M., & Suliman, A. (2014). Information and communication technology (ICT) tools in teaching and learning literature component in Malaysian primary schools. Asian Social Science, 10(7), 136–152. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n7p136
Zaidi, M. A., & Zainal, N. (2025). Factors influencing internet addiction among university students in Malaysia: A review of the literature. e-Bangi Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 20(1), 77–92. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/ebangi.2025.20.1
Zulkifli, N. F. N., & Abidin, M. Z. Z. (2023). Exploring social media addiction among Malaysian university students. Forum Komunikasi, 18(1), 23–40. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/forumkomunikasi.2023.18.1
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Gading Journal for the Social Sciences (e-ISSN 2600-7568)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
License Terms
All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Full license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/



