Authorship Ethics in the Age of AI:
A Bibliometric Analysis
Keywords:
authorship ethics , artificial intelligence, bibliometric analysis, research integrity, copyright, intellectual propertyAbstract
Who should be credited when an AI system contributes to a manuscript or creative work depends partly on the setting. Academic publishing focuses on who verified the evidence and accepted responsibility for the text. Meanwhile, copyright scholarship concerns originality and legally recognised human contribution. We examine how these questions appear in Scopus-indexed research rather than assuming that authorship has one meaning across disciplines. The dataset contains 263 publications from 2005-2025, including articles, reviews, conference papers, books and book chapters. No language filter was applied. We analysed publication and citation metadata and used VOSviewer to examine keyword co-occurrence, average publication years and author co-citation. Research output was concentrated in 2023-2025 (218 records, 82.9%), with 119 publications solely in 2025. India contributed 38 affiliation-linked records, followed by the United States with 36. In the original Scopus subject-area chart, Social Sciences accounted for 40.2% of the displayed distribution, Computer Science for 20.8% and Arts and Humanities for 11.3%. The most common unmerged author keywords were ‘artificial intelligence’, ‘authorship’ and ‘copyright’. Keyword networks place publishing integrity alongside copyright and creative ownership, while co-citation connections are dominated by legal and philosophical scholarships. These patterns document the expansion of research across related but distinct problems. Nevertheless, they cannot establish whether specific legal arguments are sound or AI policies effective.
References
Al-Busaidi, A. S., Raman, R., Hughes, L., Albashrawi, M. A., Malik, T., Dwivedi, Y. K., Al-Alawi, T., AlRizeiqi, M., Davies, G., Fenwick, M., Gupta, P., Gurpur, S., Hooda, A., Jurcys, P., Lim, D., Lucchi, N., Misra, T., Raman, R., Shirish, A., & Walton, P. (2024). Redefining boundaries in innovation and knowledge domains: Investigating the impact of generative artificial intelligence on copyright and intellectual property rights. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 9(4), Article 100630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100630
Alier, M., García-Peñalvo, F. J., & Camba, J. D. (2024). Generative artificial intelligence in education: From deceptive to disruptive. International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence, 8(5), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.9781/ijimai.2024.02.011
Baminiwatta, A., Costa, C., Weerasinghe, D., Yasir Arafat, S. M., & Lund, B. D. (2025). Policies on using artificial intelligence adopted by journals in psychiatry and mental health. European Science Editing, 51, Article e165365. https://doi.org/10.3897/ese.2025.e165365
Bianchi, M. G., D'adario, A., Bianchi, P. G., & Machado, B. S. (2025). Three versions of an atopic dermatitis case report written by humans, artificial intelligence, or both: Identification of authorship and preferences. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global, 4(1), Article 100373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100373
Bonadio, E., Lucchi, N., & Mazziotti, G. (2022). Will technology-aided creativity force us to rethink copyright's fundamentals? Highlights from the platform economy and artificial intelligence. IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 53, 1174-1200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-022-01213-7
Cetina Presuel, R. (2024). Statistical mimics: Authorship and generative artificial intelligence. A comparative vision between American and European Union copyright laws. Inteligencia Artificial, 27(73), 14-37. https://doi.org/10.4114/intartif.vol27iss73pp14-37
Crawford, J., Allen, K.-A., Pani, B., & Cowling, M. (2024). When artificial intelligence substitutes humans in higher education: The cost of loneliness, student success, and retention. Studies in Higher Education, 49(5), 883-897. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2024.2326956
Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070
Farhat, F., Silva, E. S., Hassani, H., Madsen, D. Ø., Sohail, S. S., Himeur, Y., Alam, M. A., & Zafar, A. (2024). The scholarly footprint of ChatGPT: A bibliometric analysis of the early outbreak phase. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 6, Article 1270749. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1270749
Hosseini, M., Resnik, D. B., & Holmes, K. (2023). The ethics of disclosing the use of artificial intelligence tools in writing scholarly manuscripts. Research Ethics, 19(4), 449-465. https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161231180449
Koo, M. (2025). ChatGPT research: A bibliometric analysis based on the Web of Science from 2023 to June 2024. Knowledge, 5(1), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge5010004
Litvinova, T. A., Mikros, G. K., & Dekhnich, O. V. (2024). Writing in the era of large language models: A bibliometric analysis of research field. Research Result. Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, 10(4), 5-16. https://doi.org/10.18413/2313-8912-2024-10-4-0-1
Lucchi, N. (2024). ChatGPT: A case study on copyright challenges for generative artificial intelligence systems. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 15(3), 602-624. https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2023.59
Mešević, I. R. (2023). Reevaluating main concepts of intellectual property in the light of AI-challenges. In O. J. Gstrein, M. Fröhlich, C. van den Berg, & T. Giegerich (Eds.), Modernising European legal education (MELE) (pp. 223-233). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40801-4_14
Mongeon, P., & Paul-Hus, A. (2016). The journal coverage of Web of Science and Scopus: A comparative analysis. Scientometrics, 106, 213-228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1765-5
Naithani, P. (2025). The case for copyright protection in ChatGPT output. Journal of Intellectual Property Rights, 30(6), 798-806. https://doi.org/10.56042/jipr.v30i6.16180
Nam, B. H., & Bai, Q. (2023). ChatGPT and its ethical implications for STEM research and higher education: A media discourse analysis. International Journal of STEM Education, 10, Article 66. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-023-00452-5
Raitskaya, L., & Tikhonova, E. (2025). The 2025 landscape of generative AI in scholarly writing and publishing: A scoping review of uses and ethical approaches. Journal of Language and Education, 11(4), 5-51. https://doi.org/10.17323/jle.2025.29876
van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523-538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
Waltman, L. (2016). A review of the literature on citation impact indicators. Journal of Informetrics, 10(2), 365-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2016.02.007
White, H. D., & Griffith, B. C. (1981). Author cocitation: A literature measure of intellectual structure. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 32(3), 163-171. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.4630320302
Yeo, M. A. (2023). Academic integrity in the age of artificial intelligence (AI) authoring apps. TESOL Journal, 14(3), Article e716. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.716
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Gading Journal for the Social Sciences (e-ISSN 2600-7568)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
License Terms
All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Full license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/








